A15458 | Ugu

A binary string is a string consisting only of the characters 0 and 1. You are given a binary string $s_1 s_2 \ldots s_n$ . It is necessary to make this string non-decreasing in the least number of operations. In other words, each character should be not less than the previous. In one operation, you can do the following:

- Select an arbitrary index $1 \leq i \leq n$ in the string;
- For all $j \geq i$ , change the value in the $j$ -th position to the opposite, that is, if $s_j = 1$ , then make $s_j = 0$ , and vice versa.

What is the minimum number of operations needed to make the string non-decreasing?

Each test consists of multiple test cases. The first line contains an integer $t$ ( $1 \leq t \leq 10^4$ ) — the number of test cases. The description of test cases follows.

The first line of each test cases a single integer $n$ ( $1 \leq n \leq 10^5$ ) — the length of the string.

The second line of each test case contains a binary string $s$ of length $n$ .

It is guaranteed that the sum of $n$ over all test cases does not exceed $2 \cdot 10^5$ .

For each test case, output a single integer — the minimum number of operations that are needed to make the string non-decreasing.