A15189. DFS Trees
编程题
普及/提高-
知识点
题目描述
You are given a connected undirected graph consisting of $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. The weight of the $i$ -th edge is $i$ .
Here is a wrong algorithm of finding a [minimum spanning tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_spanning_tree) (MST) of a graph:
```
<pre class="verbatim"><br></br>vis := an array of length n<br></br>s := a set of edges<br></br><br></br>function dfs(u):<br></br> vis[u] := true<br></br> iterate through each edge (u, v) in the order from smallest to largest edge weight<br></br> if vis[v] = false<br></br> add edge (u, v) into the set (s)<br></br> dfs(v)<br></br><br></br>function findMST(u):<br></br> reset all elements of (vis) to false<br></br> reset the edge set (s) to empty<br></br> dfs(u)<br></br> return the edge set (s)<br></br>
```
Each of the calls findMST(1), findMST(2), ..., findMST(n) gives you a spanning tree of the graph. Determine which of these trees are minimum spanning trees.
Here is a wrong algorithm of finding a [minimum spanning tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_spanning_tree) (MST) of a graph:
```
<pre class="verbatim"><br></br>vis := an array of length n<br></br>s := a set of edges<br></br><br></br>function dfs(u):<br></br> vis[u] := true<br></br> iterate through each edge (u, v) in the order from smallest to largest edge weight<br></br> if vis[v] = false<br></br> add edge (u, v) into the set (s)<br></br> dfs(v)<br></br><br></br>function findMST(u):<br></br> reset all elements of (vis) to false<br></br> reset the edge set (s) to empty<br></br> dfs(u)<br></br> return the edge set (s)<br></br>
```
Each of the calls findMST(1), findMST(2), ..., findMST(n) gives you a spanning tree of the graph. Determine which of these trees are minimum spanning trees.
输入格式
The first line of the input contains two integers $n$ , $m$ ( $2\le n\le 10^5$ , $n-1\le m\le 2\cdot 10^5$ ) — the number of vertices and the number of edges in the graph.
Each of the following $m$ lines contains two integers $u_i$ and $v_i$ ( $1\le u_i, v_i\le n$ , $u_i\ne v_i$ ), describing an undirected edge $(u_i,v_i)$ in the graph. The $i$ -th edge in the input has weight $i$ .
It is guaranteed that the graph is connected and there is at most one edge between any pair of vertices.
Each of the following $m$ lines contains two integers $u_i$ and $v_i$ ( $1\le u_i, v_i\le n$ , $u_i\ne v_i$ ), describing an undirected edge $(u_i,v_i)$ in the graph. The $i$ -th edge in the input has weight $i$ .
It is guaranteed that the graph is connected and there is at most one edge between any pair of vertices.
输出格式
You need to output a binary string $s$ , where $s_i=1$ if findMST(i) creates an MST, and $s_i = 0$ otherwise.
输入输出样例
输入 #1
5 5 1 2 3 5 1 3 3 2 4 2
输出 #1
01111
输入 #2
10 11 1 2 2 5 3 4 4 2 8 1 4 5 10 5 9 5 8 2 5 7 4 6
输出 #2
0011111011
说明/提示
Here is the graph given in the first example.
There is only one minimum spanning tree in this graph. A minimum spanning tree is $(1,2),(3,5),(1,3),(2,4)$ which has weight $1+2+3+5=11$ .
Here is a part of the process of calling findMST(1):
- reset the array vis and the edge set s;
- calling dfs(1);
- vis\[1\] := true;
- iterate through each edge $(1,2),(1,3)$ ;
- add edge $(1,2)$ into the edge set s, calling dfs(2):
- vis\[2\] := true
- iterate through each edge $(2,1),(2,3),(2,4)$ ;
- because vis\[1\] = true, ignore the edge $(2,1)$ ;
- add edge $(2,3)$ into the edge set s, calling dfs(3):
- ...
In the end, it will select edges $(1,2),(2,3),(3,5),(2,4)$ with total weight $1+4+2+5=12>11$ , so findMST(1) does not find a minimum spanning tree.
It can be shown that the other trees are all MSTs, so the answer is 01111.
There is only one minimum spanning tree in this graph. A minimum spanning tree is $(1,2),(3,5),(1,3),(2,4)$ which has weight $1+2+3+5=11$ .
Here is a part of the process of calling findMST(1):
- reset the array vis and the edge set s;
- calling dfs(1);
- vis\[1\] := true;
- iterate through each edge $(1,2),(1,3)$ ;
- add edge $(1,2)$ into the edge set s, calling dfs(2):
- vis\[2\] := true
- iterate through each edge $(2,1),(2,3),(2,4)$ ;
- because vis\[1\] = true, ignore the edge $(2,1)$ ;
- add edge $(2,3)$ into the edge set s, calling dfs(3):
- ...
In the end, it will select edges $(1,2),(2,3),(3,5),(2,4)$ with total weight $1+4+2+5=12>11$ , so findMST(1) does not find a minimum spanning tree.
It can be shown that the other trees are all MSTs, so the answer is 01111.